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Grammar Notes 10 |  |
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A negative question form (Vませんか) is used to invite someone to do something.
To accept an invitation:
To decline an invitation, give a short response ～はちょっと by selecting one aspect of the invitation that does not work for you as shown below.
We learned the expression かいものに行きます (go shopping) in Lesson 9. In this lesson, we will learn to use a similar structure: [Verb-stemに + Verb of coming/going] to express the idea of going somewhere for the purpose of V-ing. The [Verb-stemに] part expresses the purpose. The verb stem is a ～ます form of the verb without ます. For example, たべ is the verb stem of たべます. Instead of the V-stem, you can also use an activity noun such as べんきょう or ひるごはん as the purpose.
Caution: The Vて form cannot be used with the purpose statement. The sentence below is ungrammatical.
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We can talk about events and activities using Placeで ～が あります structure. で is the particle for the location of activities. Don't use the particle に (= location of objects and people) for this expression.
The phrase って in ナイターって？ is a conversational form of と (a quotation marker). In this context, ナイターって？ means (If you say) 'nighter,' [what do you mean?] (= ナイターってなんですか). By the way, ナイター is a かたかな英語 (Katakana English) coined by Japanese to refer to a night game.
This lesson introduces a new verb form called the "volitional" form: Verb-stem ましょう. This form is used to encourage someone to join something, Let's V! The pattern Verb-stemましょうか can be used to make suggestions for some activity. A and B are deciding on where to go to drink coffee.
A and B are talking about studying together.
A and B has agreed on doing something on Friday.
We learned the invitation pattern Verb-stemませんか. In response to an invitation, the pattern Verb-stemましょうか can be used to volunteer for something.
The Question-word＋か structure creates English equivalents of some... as shown below. Particles が and を can be optionally deleted after QWか as noted in parentheses below. Other particles cannot be deleted and must be kept. いつか does not need any particle.
To respond negatively to a QWか question, we use the whole negation structure QWも＋Negative as shown below.
Not all combinations of QWも＋Negative are commonly used as a whole negation. The "Irregular" below means the combination may not always work as predicted.
When we actively choose something, or decide on something, we use the pattern Ｎにします. When you passively accept something from a set of choices, you can use the pattern Nでいいです. で is the て-form of the copula です. Literally, Nでいいです means N being (my choice), it is OK. As idioms, you can use Nにします in the following ways:
The phrase particle だけ has the notion of just/only. When だけ is used to mark the subject, object, or contrast of the sentence, the particles が, を, and は, respectively, can be optionally dropped from the original sentence. (If they are not dropped, they follow the particle だけ.) Other phrase particles (if they are present in the original sentence) must not be dropped.
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