Words in square brackets are not used in vocabulary tests, and their meanings will be provided in classroom activities. However, you will need to study them for other quizzes and exams. Words with ★ appear in the dialogues. |
起きます |
to get up, wake up [e.g., 6じに おきます: to wake up at 6] |
寝ます |
to go to bed, lie down [e.g., へやで ねます: to go to bed in the room] |
始まります |
(Something) begins [Xが はじまります: X begins] |
終わります |
(Something) ends [Xが おわります: X ends] |
遊びます |
to have fun; to play [Personと あそびます: play with (person); Xで あそびます: play by using X; Note that あそびます cannot take a direct object. Xを あそびます is usually acceptable.] |
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(organized activity) is scheduled (at time) [e.g., 10じに クラスが あります] |
行きます |
to go [Xに (or へ) いきます: to go to X] |
来ます |
to come [Xに (or へ) きます: to come to X (where the speaker' is located)] |
帰ります |
to return (home) [Xに (or へ) かえります: to return to X] |
入ります |
to enter, go in [Xに はいります: to enter X] |
食べます |
to eat [Xを たべます: to eat X] |
飲みます |
to drink [Xを のみます: to drink X] |
見ます |
to watch, look, see [Xを みます: to watch/look at X] |
読みます |
to read [Xを よみます: to read X] |
聞きます |
to listen [Xを ききます: to listen to X] |
勉強します |
to study [Xを べんきょうします: to study X; Xの べんきょうを します: to do the study of X] |
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to do [Xを します: to do/play/perform X] |
浴びます |
to take [a shower] [シャワーを あびます: to take a shower] |
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to jog |
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to work part-time |
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to do a presentation [Also, プレゼンします] |
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to play tennis |
運動します |
to exercise |
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今日 |
today |
明日 |
tomorrow |
明後日 |
the day after tomorrow |
週末 |
weekend |
今週 |
this week |
来週 |
next week |
再来週 |
the week after next week |
月曜(日) |
Monday |
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When [いつ クラスが ありますか: When do you have classes?] |
火曜(日) |
Tuesday |
水曜(日) |
Wednesday |
木曜(日) |
Thursday |
金曜(日) |
Friday |
土曜(日) |
Saturday |
日曜(日) |
Sunday |
何曜(日) |
What day of the week? [なんようびに クラスが ありますか: What days of the week do you have classes?] |
今度 |
the next |
月水金 |
Mon-Wed-Fri [FYI: げつ か(あ) すい もく きん ど(お) にち: Mon-Tue-Wed-Thu-Fri-Sat-Sun] |
火木 |
Tue and Thu |
土日 |
Sat and Sun |
毎日 |
everyday |
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always |
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usually |
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often |
時々 |
sometimes |
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[あまり + Negative: not very much/often; あまり must be followed by a negative expr. あんまり is the informal version of あまり.] |
全然 |
[ぜんぜん + Negative: not at all; ぜんぜん is usually followed by a negative expr.] |
学校 |
school |
友達 |
friend |
家 |
home; house |
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apartment |
映画館 |
movie theater |
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office [Also, じむしょ] |
お風呂 |
bath [おふろにはいります: to bathe] |
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shower [シャワーをあびます: to take a shower] |
お茶 |
green tea [Japanese tea] |
紅茶 |
black tea |
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wine |
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coffee |
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TV |
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news |
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drama |
雑誌 |
magazine; journal |
新聞 |
newspaper |
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radio |
映画 |
movie |
仕事 |
work, (full-time) job |
散歩 |
stroll |
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party |
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video game [Also テレビゲーム; Compare: ビデオゲームを します: to play a video game; ビデオゲームで あそびます: play with a video game] |
買い物 |
shopping [かいもの(を)します: to shop]
Also, かいものに いきます "go shopping". |
水泳 |
swimming [すいえい(を)します: to swim]
Also, すいえいに いきます "go swimming". |
勉強 |
study [べんきょう(を)します: to study]
Also, べんきょうに いきます "go studying". |
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part-time job [アルバイト(を)します: to work part-time]
Also, アルバイトに いきます "go to a part-time job". |
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presentation [Also, プレゼン(を)します: to do a presentation]
Also, プレゼンにいきます "go to (do) a presentation". |
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jogging [ジョギング(を)します: to jog]
Also, ジョギングに いきます "go for a jogging". |
仕事 |
work, (full-time) job [しごと(を)します: to work]
Also, しごとに いきます "go to work". |
散歩 |
stroll [さんぽ(を)します: to stroll]
Also, さんぽに いきます "go for a walk". |
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(1) topic marker は
(2) contrast marker は |
at, in, on [location of activityで; どこで たべますか: Where do you eat?] |
to, toward [Destination marker: がっこうに/へ いきます: go to school] |
Direct object marker [Xを たべます: Someone eats X.; なにを たべますか: What do you eat?] |
for [doing X] [marks the purpose of going [somewhere] to do X; スーパーに かいものに いきます: go for shopping] |
with [と marks the person you do something together: Xと たべます: I eat (something) with X.
←→ ひとりで たべます: I eat (something) alone.
] |
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but [casual; Used at the beginning of a sentence] |
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when? |
何曜日(に) |
on which day of the week? |
誰が |
who? |
誰と |
with whom? |
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to where? [destination]; where? [location of objects and people] |
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where? [location of activities] |
何を |
what? |
何で |
with what?; by using what? |
一人で |
alone; by oneself [e.g., だれと いきますか → ひとりで いきます: With whom will you go? → I will go by myself/alone.] |
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Well, let me see. |
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Subject
は/が |
Time
(に) |
Loc. of
Activity
で |
Person
と |
Means/
Tools
で |
Destination
に/へ |
Direct
Object
を |
Verb |
スミスさんは
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にちようびに
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うちで |
田中さんと |
ゲームで |
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あそびます |
スミスさんは
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あした |
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田中さんと |
くるまで |
がっこうに |
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いきます |
スミスさんは
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3じに |
としょかんで |
田中さんと |
コンピュータで |
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しゅくだいを |
します |
- Frequency + Vます/Vません (e.g., よく ききます; あまり たべません)
- Purposeに いきます (e.g., かいものに いきます)
- [Specific/Absolute Time] に します vs. [Relative or Repeated Time Frame] します
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